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[目的]测量和评价非稳态噪声工作场所的8h等效连续A声级(LAeq.8h)、1min等效连续A声级(LAeq.1min)和全天等效声级估算值(LAeq.T)。[方法]采用个人声暴露计测量LAeq.8h,用声级计测量LAeq.1min和每个时间段的噪声值,计算出全天的等效声级(LAeq.T)。应用LAeq.8h和LAeq.1min、LAeq.T分别测量某输油管道加工厂和某家用电器制造厂239名工人的个体噪声(接触)和相应作业场所噪声(暴露)水平。[结果]两家工厂LAeq.8h均值分别为(89.7±3.8)dB(A)和(90.5±5.7)dB(A),分别高于LAeq.T的(88.0±2.4)dB(A)和(89.2±3.6)dB(A)(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与LAeq.8h相比,LAeq.1min采样时间点存在抽样误差。绝大多数工作岗位的LAeq.1min与LAeq.8h均值差大于3dB(A),所有工作岗位的LAeq.T均值与LAeq.8h均值差均小于3.0dB(A)。[结论]LAeq.8h能反映在非稳态噪声工作场所工人实际接触噪声暴露水平,LAeq.T比较符合作业工人实际噪声接触水平,LAeq.1min会低估或高估工人噪声暴露水平。
[Objective] To measure and evaluate the 8h Equivalent Continuous A Sound Level (LAeq.8h), 1min Equivalent Continuous A Sound Level (LAeq.1min) and All Day Equivalent Sound Level Estimate (LAeq.) In unsteady noise workplaces. T). [Methods] LAeq.8h was measured with a personal acoustic exposure meter, LAeq.1min was measured with a sound level meter and the noise value of each time period, and the equivalent sound level (LAeq.T) of the whole day was calculated. LAeq.8h and LAeq.1min, LAeq.T were used to measure the individual noise (exposure) and noise (exposure) level of 239 workers in an oil pipeline factory and a household electrical appliance factory respectively. [Result] The average LAeq.8h of the two factories was (89.7 ± 3.8) dB (A) and (90.5 ± 5.7) dB (A) respectively, higher than that of LAeq.T (88.0 ± 2.4) dB 89.2 ± 3.6) dB (A) (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Compared with LAeq.8h, there was sampling error in LAeq.1min sampling time. For most jobs, the average difference between LAeq.1min and LAeq.8h is more than 3dB (A), and the average difference between LAeq.T and LAeq.8h for all jobs is less than 3.0dB (A). [Conclusion] LAeq.8h can reflect the actual exposure noise exposure of workers in unsteady noises, LAeq.T is more in line with the actual noise exposure of workers, LAeq.1min will underestimate or overestimate the noise exposure of workers.