(一) 语素是语言中最小的意义单位,主要职能是用来构词。人们利用语素造词时,并非是原封不动照搬,总是“因地制宜“、按需取义的。取义的语境不同,便有了工具、方式、材料、处所等语义差别;取义的方式不同,又有了比喻、借代义的区分;有时还要调整语义成 (A) Morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in language, the main function is used to word. When people use morpheme to make words, they do not copy the word as they are and they are always “adapted to local conditions” and taken on-demand. There are different semantic differences between tools, ways, materials, places and so on in different contexts of semantic meanings. Different ways of semantic justice also make a distinction between analogy and metonymy, and sometimes adjust semantics into