目的了解陕西省镇巴县学生肠道蠕虫感染现状及感染因素,为进一步开展防治工作提供依据。方法整群随机抽取镇巴县小学校一至六年级在校学生,共抽取7所学校学生1 286人。采用改良加藤厚涂片透明法检验粪便中的蠕虫卵。结果镇巴县小学生蠕虫卵总感染率为8.32%,其中蛔虫占71.96%,鞭虫占26.17%,钩虫占1.87%;轻度感染占93.81%,中度感染占6.19%,无重度感染。学生蠕虫感染率随年龄增长而下降,且男生高于女生,农村学生高于城镇学生,其差异均有统计学意义(Z=-4.217 1,χ~2=4.36、19.31,P均<0.05)。同时,学生蠕虫感染与家庭经济状况、家庭厕所卫生、生活饮用水和个人卫生等因素相关。结论镇巴县学生蠕虫病防治工作取得了显著成效,但农村小学生蠕虫感染仍较高。应加强健康教育,发展农村经济,改善卫生基础条件,整治环境卫生,将防治重点放在农村。对重点人群进行规范药物驱虫治疗。 Objective To understand the status of intestinal helminth infection and its infection in Zhenba County, Shaanxi Province, and to provide basis for further prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 1 286 students from 7 schools were randomly selected from the first to sixth grades of elementary school in Zhenba County. The modified Kato thick smear method was used to test the worm eggs in the feces. Results The total infection rate of worm eggs of pupils in Zhenba County was 8.32%. Among them, roundworm accounted for 71.96%, whipworm accounted for 26.17%, hookworm accounted for 1.87%, mild infection accounted for 93.81%, moderate infection accounted for 6.19%, and no severe infection. The worm infection rate of students decreased with age, and boys than girls, rural students than urban students, the differences were statistically significant (Z = -4.217 1, χ ~ 2 = 4.36,19.31, P <0.05) . At the same time, student worm infections are related to factors such as family financial status, home toilet hygiene, drinking water and personal hygiene. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of helminthiasis in Zhenba County has achieved remarkable results, but the prevalence of worm infection among rural pupils is still high. Health education should be strengthened, the rural economy should be developed, the basic health conditions should be improved, environmental sanitation should be rehabilitated, and prevention and treatment should be focused on rural areas. The key population to regulate drug deworming treatment.