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碳纤维增强复合材料的阻尼性能对所应用结构的动态承载能力、可靠性和安全性有重要影响。复合材料阻尼机理复杂,很难采用理论方法研究。本文基于瞬态激励法原理,设计了悬臂梁振动试验,利用有理分式多项式法提取试样的模态频率和模态损耗因子。分别对603和603A两种树脂基体,各三种T300纤维铺层方向的复合材料试样进行了振动测试,获得了材料1 kHz以内的动刚度和阻尼特性。结果表明,基体材料组分和纤维铺层方向对碳纤维增强复合材料的结构刚度和阻尼性能有重要影响;603A基体的碳纤维增强复合材料具有较603基体材料更好的损耗因子。铺层方向对结构阻尼的影响主要是通过对结构刚度的影响而体现出来的,不同纤维铺层方向的复合材料试样刚度差别很大。
The damping properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites have a significant impact on the dynamic load carrying capacity, reliability and safety of the applied structure. Complex damping mechanism is complex, it is difficult to use theoretical methods. In this paper, based on the principle of transient excitation, the cantilever vibration test is designed, and the modal frequency and mode loss factor of the sample are extracted by rational fractional polynomial method. The vibration tests were carried out on the composite samples of two kinds of resin matrixes of 603 and 603A and three kinds of T300 fiber lamination respectively. The dynamic stiffness and damping characteristics of the composite were obtained within 1 kHz. The results show that the matrix material composition and the direction of fiber lay-over have an important effect on the structural rigidity and damping capacity of the carbon fiber reinforced composites. The 603A matrix carbon fiber reinforced composite has a better loss factor than the 603 matrix. The influence of the direction of the ply on the structural damping is mainly reflected by the influence on the structural rigidity. The stiffness of the composite material samples varies greatly in different fiber lay-up directions.