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口腔红斑病（oral erythroplakia）是一种少见的口腔潜在恶性疾患，人群中的患病率较口腔白斑病低，但恶变率较之高。该病的病因主要与咀嚼烟草、槟榔以及吸烟、饮酒等有关，但发病机制尚不清楚，治疗主要为手术切除，激光也可作为一种有效的治疗手段。但该病复发率及恶变率均较高，因此长期密切随访非常必要。本文对口腔红斑病的定义、流行病学特征、临床表现、组织病理学特征、病因和发病机制、诊断、治疗和预后等进行综述。“,”Oral erythroplakia is an rare oral disorder with relatively high potential of becoming malignant. It has a lower prevalence but a higher malignant transformation rate than oral leukoplakia. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is so far not clear, but several studies have pointed to tobacco chewing, tobacco smoking, and betel quid chewing with or without tobacco and alcohol usage as etiologic factors.The treatment methods are mainly surgical excision operations as well as laser treatment. However, the recurrence rate and the malignant transformation rate of oral erythroplakiaare high, thus long-term close follow-up is needed. In the present article, the definition, epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics, etiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of oral erythroplakiaare reviewed.