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The levels and distribution of mercury (Hg) species, including total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in the topsoil and dust collected from twenty sampling stations located in different land function areas of Xiamen, China, were investigated. THg concentrations in topsoil ranged from 0.071 to 1.2 mg/kg. THg concentrations in Xiamen dust were in the range of 0.034-1.4 mg/kg. For stations where the THg of dust was less than 0.31 mg/kg, THg concentrations in the topsoil were significantly correlated to those in the corresponding dust (r = 0.597, n = 16, P = 0.014). MeHg concentrations in topsoil were varied between 0.14 and 5.7 (g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the topsoil ranged from 0.069% to 0.74%. The range of MeHg concentration in the dust were 0.092-2.3 (g/kg. The ratios of MeHg/THg in the dust were at the same level as those in the topsoil. MeHg concentrations in both topsoil and dust were linked to corresponding THg concentrations and soil organic matter. Neither THg nor MeHg concentration in the topsoil and dust was obviously linked to the land function.