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科尔内的“软预算约束”理论研究的是企业在开支超过收入时,能获得政府财政补贴的问题,这样的财政补贴是传统社会主义的特征。科尔内关于软预算约束刺激投入需求的观点,即“科尔内第一效应”已为人们所熟知。他还预言软预算约束有第二种效应:投入需求存在弱价格反应,对此人们尚未给予充分的注意。科尔内第二效应可以如科尔内那样,用投入需求的斜率概念来定义,也可以用弹性的概念来定义。本文将用一个简单的软预算约束模型讨论科尔内第一效应和探讨科尔内第二效应的两个观点。
Cornell’s “soft budget constraint” theory is concerned with the problem that an enterprise can obtain government financial subsidies when its expenses exceed income. Such financial subsidies are characteristics of traditional socialism. Cornell’s view that soft budget constraints stimulate investment demand, that is, “Cornell’s first effect” is well known. He also predicted that the soft budget constraint has a second effect: there is a weak price response to input demand, to which people have not yet given sufficient attention. The second effect of Cornene can be defined as the concept of slopes for inputs into demand, as Cornell could, or as flexible as the concept of flexibility. In this paper, we use a simple soft budget constraint model to discuss Cornel’s first effect and to explore Cornel’s second effect.