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编者按 时光若流水，不知不觉新年就来了，而我们重磅推出的稿件《对不起，高考题，我与你太相像了！》也发到了第四季！通过读者的反馈和我们自身的检核、梳理，发现本刊每年都有不少题与高考题高度相似，有的甚至是完全相同。能够“碰中”高考题，当然只能说是我们的幸运，也不能不说是读者的机会。但是，凡事都有其内在规律，各学科学习不例外，高考和高考命题也不例外。我们每期都约请有丰富教学经验的一线名师和高考研究专家为读者撰写稿件，他们的理念，他们的观点，他们认定的各学科重点中的重点以及对各学科命制试题的原则、方法和技巧等的理解，必然与高考命题人有所契合。因此，建立在各学科教学理论和测试学基础上的一些分析指导，能偶有所获，是不是也不足为怪了呢？所以，我们只能说：“对不起，高考题，我与你太相像了，但这并不是我的错。”
【高考原题】
2012年高考英语山东卷第23题（答案为C）：
Maria has written two novels， both of have been made into television.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
【本刊试题】
本刊2009年第12期《确定关系代词前所用介词要“七看”》一文中有这样一个例句：
She has written two novels， both of which have been made into television series. 她写了两本小说，均已被拍成了电视连续剧。
【相似程度】
同学们仔细看一看，比一比，这两道题的相似程度有多高？至少可以说是99%——因为山东卷的高考题只是将本刊句子中的人名稍稍改动了一下，如果将山东卷的高考题填充完整，则为：
Maria has written two novels， both of which have been made into television. 玛丽亚写了两本小说，均已被拍成了电视剧。
同学们，你认为这个句子与本刊的句子有区别吗？
【考点归纳】
由“...of which / whom”引导的定语从句。
三个说明：
1. 这是高考英语中一个很重要的考点，同时也是同学们很容易出错的一个知识点，必须透彻弄清。
2. 其中的省略号可以是不定代词（如both， either， neither， none等）或数词（如one， two， three等）。
3. 这类定语通常位于主句之后，但有时也可能位于主句中间，但一般不会位于主句之前。
四点注意：
1. which 用于指事物，whom用于指人。做题时要注意分清先行词是指人还是指物。
2. 由于关系代词which或whom被介词of以及它前面的不定代词或数词分开，所以要特别注意找准先行词。
3. 这类题最可能出现的几个选项是them， that， those， what， which， whom等，注意只有which和whom是关系代词，可以引导定语从句，其余几个不是关系代词，根本不能引导定语从句——这一条对做题十分有效。
4. 这类定语从句前不能有并列连词and或but，否则就成了并列句，就应用them之类的人称代词。比较下面的两道题：
（1） He wrote a lot of novels， and most of were popular.
A. them B. whom C. that D. which
（2） He wrote a lot of novels， most of were popular.
A. them B. whom C. that D. which
答题思路实录（简单易学，通杀所有相关考题，绝对有效）：
（1） 答案为 A。首先，句子之间有并列连词and，说明它是一个并列句，而非含有定语从句的复合句，据此可排除关系代词 whom和which；至于A和C，由于that是指示代词，它表示单数，与most of在含义上不吻合，故可排除C。
（2） 答案为 D。首先，句子之间没有并列连词，说明它不是一个并列句，而是一个含有定语从句的复合句，据此可排除不能用作关系代词的 that 和 them；至于 B 和 D，由于whom指人，而前面的先行词 novels 指物，故可排除 B。
五条用法：
根据“...of which / whom”引导定语从句时介词of的不同用法，下面我们为同学们归纳五条用法：
1. of 表示整体与部分的关系
这里所说的整体与部分的关系，指的是of前面的不定代词或数词表示“部分”，of后面关系代词表示“整体”，如 five of which 的意思就是“……当中的五个”，a few of whom 的意思就是“……当中的几个”等。请看实例：
I bought a dozen eggs， six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。
The buses， most of which were already full， were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。
2. of 表示所属关系
这里所说的所属关系，其实就是一种所有格关系，如 the name of which 的意思就是“……的名字”，the hair of whom的意思就是“……的头发”等。请看实例： It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。
In 1980 he caught a serious illness the effects of which he still suffers from. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。
3. of 表示同位关系
所谓同位关系，指的是介词of前面的不定代词或数词与of后面的关系代词为同位关系，指的是同样的人或事物。如：
Both teams made some wild guesses， none of which were right. 两个队都是瞎猜一通，没有猜对一个。
We？蒺ve tested three hundred types of boot， none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。
Each corner had a guard tower， each of which was exactly ten meters in height. 每个角落都有一座警戒塔，每座警戒塔正好10米高。
4. 表示范围
of表示范围时，意思是“在……当中”，通常可译为“其中”。如：
They interviewed 30 people of whom five were possibles. 他们对30人进行了面试，其中有5人符合候选条件。
I saw three camp beds， of which two were occupied. 我看见了3张折叠床，其中两张已有人占了。
这类用法其实可以与表示整体与部分关系的of互换，如上面两句也可写成：
They interviewed 30 people， five of whom were possibles.
I saw three camp beds， two of which were occupied.
5. of 构成固定搭配
有时of与其他词语构成固定搭配，做题时要注意分清这个of到底是与哪些词构成什么样的固定搭配。如：
He？蒺s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。（注意固定搭配hear of）
Never teach a child anything of which you are not yourself sure. 不要将你自己都没有把握的东西教给孩子。（注意固定搭配be sure of）
The cell is the unit of which all living organisms are composed. 细胞是构成一切生物的单位。（注意固定搭配be composed of）
We struck up a conversation， in the course of which it emerged that he was a sailing man. 我们聊了起来，在谈话过程中得知他是一名水手。（注意固定搭配in the course of）
【再试一把】
以下试题均为作者根据近几年的考点规律精心原创编写，说不定与明年的高考题又很相像哦！
1. There were a lot of computers at the exhibition， any of would have suited me perfectly.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
2. It？蒺s the third in a sequence of three books， the first of I really enjoyed.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
3. Thompson had two strategies， neither of seems to have worked very well.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
4. They produced two reports， neither of contained any useful suggestions.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
5. The machines， each of is perhaps five feet in diameter， are not the largest devices in the room.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
6. Just as revealing are Mr Johnson？蒺s portraits， of there are dozens.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
7. Bardi coloured the milk with the slightest touch of coffee， of there was still plenty.
A. them B. that C. which D. what 8. These nouns refer to the intellectual faculty by means of human beings seek or attain knowledge or truth.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
9. They have two grown children， both of live abroad.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
10. She brought with her three friends， none of I had ever met before.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
11. Both players， neither of reached the final， played well.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
12. The event was organized by two people， neither of is a professional.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
13. There were 500 passengers， of 121 drowned.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
14. There are over 6 000 students， many of come from overseas.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
15. There were hundreds of protesters， not a few of were women.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
16. He went with a group of people， few of were correctly equipped for such a climb.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
17. I met the fruit-pickers， several of were university students.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
18. The house was full of boys， ten of were his own grandchildren.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
19. He introduced me to his boys， one of offered to go with me.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
20. The lorry crashed into a queue of people， several of had to have hospital treatment.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
21. I have a number of American relatives， most of live in Texas.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
22. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees， some of had been at sea for several months.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
23. About six thousand people were arrested， several hundred of have since been released.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
24. His style of leadership has attracted increasing criticism among his supporters， many of have since left Central Office.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
25. Boats crammed with hot and angry holidaymakers， some of had waited for up to two days to cross.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
26. Many theories on punishment exist， all of are variations on a theme.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
【参考答案】
1—5 CCCCC 6—10 CCCDD 11—15 DDDDD
16—20 DDDDD 21—25 DDDDD 26 C
（编辑 陈根花）
【高考原题】
2012年高考英语山东卷第23题（答案为C）：
Maria has written two novels， both of have been made into television.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
【本刊试题】
本刊2009年第12期《确定关系代词前所用介词要“七看”》一文中有这样一个例句：
She has written two novels， both of which have been made into television series. 她写了两本小说，均已被拍成了电视连续剧。
【相似程度】
同学们仔细看一看，比一比，这两道题的相似程度有多高？至少可以说是99%——因为山东卷的高考题只是将本刊句子中的人名稍稍改动了一下，如果将山东卷的高考题填充完整，则为：
Maria has written two novels， both of which have been made into television. 玛丽亚写了两本小说，均已被拍成了电视剧。
同学们，你认为这个句子与本刊的句子有区别吗？
【考点归纳】
由“...of which / whom”引导的定语从句。
三个说明：
1. 这是高考英语中一个很重要的考点，同时也是同学们很容易出错的一个知识点，必须透彻弄清。
2. 其中的省略号可以是不定代词（如both， either， neither， none等）或数词（如one， two， three等）。
3. 这类定语通常位于主句之后，但有时也可能位于主句中间，但一般不会位于主句之前。
四点注意：
1. which 用于指事物，whom用于指人。做题时要注意分清先行词是指人还是指物。
2. 由于关系代词which或whom被介词of以及它前面的不定代词或数词分开，所以要特别注意找准先行词。
3. 这类题最可能出现的几个选项是them， that， those， what， which， whom等，注意只有which和whom是关系代词，可以引导定语从句，其余几个不是关系代词，根本不能引导定语从句——这一条对做题十分有效。
4. 这类定语从句前不能有并列连词and或but，否则就成了并列句，就应用them之类的人称代词。比较下面的两道题：
（1） He wrote a lot of novels， and most of were popular.
A. them B. whom C. that D. which
（2） He wrote a lot of novels， most of were popular.
A. them B. whom C. that D. which
答题思路实录（简单易学，通杀所有相关考题，绝对有效）：
（1） 答案为 A。首先，句子之间有并列连词and，说明它是一个并列句，而非含有定语从句的复合句，据此可排除关系代词 whom和which；至于A和C，由于that是指示代词，它表示单数，与most of在含义上不吻合，故可排除C。
（2） 答案为 D。首先，句子之间没有并列连词，说明它不是一个并列句，而是一个含有定语从句的复合句，据此可排除不能用作关系代词的 that 和 them；至于 B 和 D，由于whom指人，而前面的先行词 novels 指物，故可排除 B。
五条用法：
根据“...of which / whom”引导定语从句时介词of的不同用法，下面我们为同学们归纳五条用法：
1. of 表示整体与部分的关系
这里所说的整体与部分的关系，指的是of前面的不定代词或数词表示“部分”，of后面关系代词表示“整体”，如 five of which 的意思就是“……当中的五个”，a few of whom 的意思就是“……当中的几个”等。请看实例：
I bought a dozen eggs， six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。
The buses， most of which were already full， were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。
2. of 表示所属关系
这里所说的所属关系，其实就是一种所有格关系，如 the name of which 的意思就是“……的名字”，the hair of whom的意思就是“……的头发”等。请看实例： It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。
In 1980 he caught a serious illness the effects of which he still suffers from. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病。
3. of 表示同位关系
所谓同位关系，指的是介词of前面的不定代词或数词与of后面的关系代词为同位关系，指的是同样的人或事物。如：
Both teams made some wild guesses， none of which were right. 两个队都是瞎猜一通，没有猜对一个。
We？蒺ve tested three hundred types of boot， none of which is completely waterproof. 我们已经测试过300种靴子，没有一种是完全防水的。
Each corner had a guard tower， each of which was exactly ten meters in height. 每个角落都有一座警戒塔，每座警戒塔正好10米高。
4. 表示范围
of表示范围时，意思是“在……当中”，通常可译为“其中”。如：
They interviewed 30 people of whom five were possibles. 他们对30人进行了面试，其中有5人符合候选条件。
I saw three camp beds， of which two were occupied. 我看见了3张折叠床，其中两张已有人占了。
这类用法其实可以与表示整体与部分关系的of互换，如上面两句也可写成：
They interviewed 30 people， five of whom were possibles.
I saw three camp beds， two of which were occupied.
5. of 构成固定搭配
有时of与其他词语构成固定搭配，做题时要注意分清这个of到底是与哪些词构成什么样的固定搭配。如：
He？蒺s married to a singer of whom you may have heard. 他与一位歌唱家结了婚，你可能听说过这个人。（注意固定搭配hear of）
Never teach a child anything of which you are not yourself sure. 不要将你自己都没有把握的东西教给孩子。（注意固定搭配be sure of）
The cell is the unit of which all living organisms are composed. 细胞是构成一切生物的单位。（注意固定搭配be composed of）
We struck up a conversation， in the course of which it emerged that he was a sailing man. 我们聊了起来，在谈话过程中得知他是一名水手。（注意固定搭配in the course of）
【再试一把】
以下试题均为作者根据近几年的考点规律精心原创编写，说不定与明年的高考题又很相像哦！
1. There were a lot of computers at the exhibition， any of would have suited me perfectly.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
2. It？蒺s the third in a sequence of three books， the first of I really enjoyed.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
3. Thompson had two strategies， neither of seems to have worked very well.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
4. They produced two reports， neither of contained any useful suggestions.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
5. The machines， each of is perhaps five feet in diameter， are not the largest devices in the room.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
6. Just as revealing are Mr Johnson？蒺s portraits， of there are dozens.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
7. Bardi coloured the milk with the slightest touch of coffee， of there was still plenty.
A. them B. that C. which D. what 8. These nouns refer to the intellectual faculty by means of human beings seek or attain knowledge or truth.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
9. They have two grown children， both of live abroad.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
10. She brought with her three friends， none of I had ever met before.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
11. Both players， neither of reached the final， played well.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
12. The event was organized by two people， neither of is a professional.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
13. There were 500 passengers， of 121 drowned.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
14. There are over 6 000 students， many of come from overseas.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
15. There were hundreds of protesters， not a few of were women.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
16. He went with a group of people， few of were correctly equipped for such a climb.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
17. I met the fruit-pickers， several of were university students.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
18. The house was full of boys， ten of were his own grandchildren.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
19. He introduced me to his boys， one of offered to go with me.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
20. The lorry crashed into a queue of people， several of had to have hospital treatment.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
21. I have a number of American relatives， most of live in Texas.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
22. They picked up five boat-loads of refugees， some of had been at sea for several months.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
23. About six thousand people were arrested， several hundred of have since been released.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
24. His style of leadership has attracted increasing criticism among his supporters， many of have since left Central Office.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
25. Boats crammed with hot and angry holidaymakers， some of had waited for up to two days to cross.
A. them B. that C. which D. whom
26. Many theories on punishment exist， all of are variations on a theme.
A. them B. that C. which D. what
【参考答案】
1—5 CCCCC 6—10 CCCDD 11—15 DDDDD
16—20 DDDDD 21—25 DDDDD 26 C
（编辑 陈根花）