举办奥运会、建设三峡大坝、制定工作计划、学习某课程,所有这些活动都有共性,即它们都是项目。可见,项目构成了社会生活的基本单位。随着社会的进步,经济的发展,项目的重要性、复杂性不断提升,规模不断扩大,用系统化的过程来管理项目就变得越来越重要。在新的商业环境下,项目管理成为企业发展的有力保障,企业项目管理化逐渐成为组织管理的一种趋势。然而,并不是所有的项目管理都能达到其预期,这其中的影 The hosting of the Olympic Games, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam, the development of a work plan, and the learning of a course all have common features, ie they are all projects. Visible, the project constitutes the basic unit of social life. With the progress of society, the development of economy, the importance and complexity of the project, the ever-increasing scale and the scale of the project, it becomes more and more important to manage the project in a systematic process. In the new business environment, project management has become a powerful guarantee for the development of an enterprise, and the management of an enterprise project has gradually become a trend of organization and management. However, not all project management can achieve its expectations, which one of the shadow