直肠结核临床上少见，且易误诊。本文报告我们收治的2例及天津市滨江医院2例共4例，均误诊为直肠癌，其中1例先误诊为慢性菌痢。1临床资料年龄33～60岁，平均46．2岁。病程26天～10年，平均2．9年。有肺结核病史1例，4例均无发热、盗汗、咯血病史；3例有腹泻、里急后重、下腹疼 Rectal tuberculosis is clinically rare and easily misdiagnosed. This article reports that we received 2 cases and 2 cases of Tianjin Binjiang Hospital, a total of 4 cases were misdiagnosed as rectal cancer, of which 1 case was first misdiagnosed as chronic dysentery. A clinical data of 33 to 60 years old, with an average of 46.2 years old. Duration of 26 days to 10 years, an average of 2.9 years. A history of tuberculosis in 1 case, 4 cases were no fever, night sweats, hemoptysis history; 3 cases of diarrhea, tenesmus, abdominal pain