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哮喘时平滑肌收缩和气道壁增厚的综合因素是上皮细胞损伤、血管的漏出物、神经反射、介质释放和炎症细胞的参与。各种刺激可通过不同机制产生支气管缩窄。运动时的支气管缩窄与热由气道丢失有关,但究因温度变化或是由于气道内液层渗透性改变所致仍有争论。维持气道的正常渗透性是重要的,低(通常为蒸馏水或“雾”)或高渗的吸入剂可引起哮喘患者的支气管缩窄。有些药物对实验激发的支气管缩窄具有部分或完全性保护和拮抗作用。β受体激动剂和正规的皮质类固醇治疗能保护气道,拮抗各种常用类型的非特异性
The combined effects of smooth muscle contraction and airway wall thickening in asthma are epithelial cell injury, vascular leaks, reflexes, release of mediators and involvement of inflammatory cells. Various stimuli can produce bronchoconstriction through different mechanisms. Bronchoconstriction during exercise is related to the loss of heat from the airway, although controversy remains due to temperature changes or changes in the permeability of the fluid in the airway. It is important to maintain normal airway permeability, and low (usually distilled or “fog”) or hypertonic inhalers can cause bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. Some drugs have partially or completely protective and antagonistic effects on experimentally induced bronchoconstriction. Beta-agonist and formal corticosteroid therapy protects the airways and antagonizes various non-specific types of commonly used