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EB病毒是人类于1964年发现的第一个致癌病毒。EB病毒感染在儿科较为常见，多无临床症状。当患儿免疫功能降低或缺乏时，EB病毒可能会引起传染性单核细胞增多症、慢性活动性EB病毒感染、噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症、移植后淋巴增生性疾病、X连锁淋巴组织增生综合征等一系列良性或恶性淋巴增殖性疾病。这些疾病大部分发病机制复杂、临床表现多样、预后不良、病死率高，唯一被证明有效的治疗方法是异基因造血干细胞移植。“,”Epstein-Barr(EB)virus is the first carcinogenic virus discovered in 1964.EBV infection is common in pediatrics and most of the infected children are asymptomatic.When the immune function of children becomes low or deficient, EBV may cause a series of benign or malignant lymphoproliferative diseases, such as infectious mononucleosis, chronic active EBV infection, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome and so on.Most of these diseases have complex pathogenesis, diverse clinical manifestations, poor prognosis and high mortality.The only effective treatment is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.