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目的为了解该小学腮腺炎疫情暴发的原因及可能的危险因素、控制疫情。方法建立病例定义并确定搜索范围,开展流行病学调查。用EpiData、Excel、SPSS等软件对病例进行描述性分析及病例对照研究。结果本次报告学校病例24例,班级罹患率为58.54%;调查22例,均为某庄小学一年级班学生。本次暴发持续22d,并有潜伏期病例的存在;临床症状主要表现为发热伴非化脓性腮腺肿大,占54.54%;年龄介于7~9岁,男女罹患率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.16,P=0.69);人群中免疫史水平低下,仅为9.09%;班级内接触是导致此次暴发的主要原因。病例对照研究显示,不同的接触方式导致病例对照组间阳性率的差异(χ2=17.20,P<0.01)。结论这是一起同源流行性腮腺炎暴发,造成学校内传播的主要方式为同班级内接触,同时由于教室通风不畅,座位拥挤且学生免疫水平低下,发现病例后未能及时隔离等因素造成了此次暴发。
Objective To understand the outbreak of mumps in primary school and the possible risk factors to control the epidemic. Methods Establish case definition and determine the scope of the search, carry out epidemiological investigation. Using EpiData, Excel, SPSS and other software for descriptive analysis of cases and case-control studies. Results The report of 24 cases of school cases, the class attack rate was 58.54%; survey of 22 cases, are a Zhuang primary school students. The outbreak continued for 22 days, and there were latent cases; clinical symptoms mainly manifested as fever with non-suppurative parotid gland enlargement, accounting for 54.54%; age ranged from 7 to 9 years old, there was no statistically significant difference in attack rates between men and women (χ2 = 0.16, P = 0.69). The level of immune history in the population was low, only 9.09%. In-class contact was the main reason leading to the outbreak. Case-control studies showed that different exposure patterns led to differences in the positive rates between case and control groups (χ2 = 17.20, P <0.01). Conclusions This is an outbreak of homogamous mumps. As a result, the main mode of spread in schools is that of the same class. At the same time, due to the poor ventilation in classrooms, crowded seats and low levels of immunization among students, cases were found to be unable to be isolated in time The outbreak.