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目的了解重庆市主城区大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响。方法根据2010~2015年重庆市环保局网站的大气污染数据划分重庆市主城区为污染区和清洁区。按照整群抽样的方法,选择分别位于清洁区、污染区的2所小学3~4年级的儿童共695人为研究对象,其中清洁区313名,污染区382名。对两区儿童进行肺功能检测,并采用美国流行病学标准问卷(AST-DLD-78-C)对两区儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状发生情况进行调查。结果在春夏秋冬四个季节污染区环境大气污染物可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、氮氧化物(NO_X)浓度均高于清洁区(P<0.05)。运用多因素logistic回归模型控制混杂因素后,污染区儿童咳嗽(OR=1.644)、感冒时咳嗽(OR=1.596)、感冒时咯痰(OR=2.196)、持续性咯痰(OR=1.802)、喘鸣(OR=2.415)的发生的危险性高于清洁区儿童(P<0.05)。清洁区女童和男童的用力肺活量、1 s用力呼气容积均高于污染区(P<0.05)。结论重庆市主城区大气污染与学龄儿童一些呼吸系统症状的发生增加有关,并对儿童肺功能有一定的影响。
Objective To understand the influence of air pollution in main urban area of Chongqing on respiratory health of school-age children. Methods According to the air pollution data of Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau website from 2010 to 2015, the main urban areas of Chongqing were classified as polluted areas and clean areas. According to the method of cluster sampling, a total of 695 children from Grade 3 to Grade 4 in primary and secondary schools in the clean area and contaminated area were selected as the research objects, of which 313 were clean and 382 were polluted. Lung function tests were performed on children in two districts and the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms in children in both districts were investigated using the American Standard for Epidemiology Questionnaire (AST-DLD-78-C). Results The concentrations of PM 10, PM 2 2.5 and NO X in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter were higher than those in the clean area (P <0.05) . After using multivariate logistic regression model to control confounding factors, children in the contaminated area had cough (OR = 1.644), cough in cold (OR = 1.596), expectoration in cold (OR = 2.196), persistent expectoration (OR = 1.802) The risk of wheezing (OR = 2.415) was higher in children in the clean area (P <0.05). The forced expiratory volume of girls and boys in the clean area was higher than that in the contaminated area (P <0.05). Conclusion The air pollution in the main urban area of Chongqing is related to the increase of some respiratory symptoms in school-age children and has certain influence on the lung function of children.