论文部分内容阅读
经济学自建立以来,以“自利”假设为基本分析前提。但实验经济学家通过大量实验证明,个体具有公平偏好,互惠是普遍存在的。实验主要包括信任实验、礼物交换实验、最后通牒实验和公共物品实验;关于互惠产生的原因,理论解释主要分为“基于分配结果”的互惠和“基于意图”的互惠;互惠研究的最新发展包括将互惠应用于传统经济学分析和对偏好异质性的研究。本文对相关文献进行综述,提出问题,指出未来的发展方向。
Since its establishment, economics has assumed the premise of “self-interest ” as the basic analysis. However, experimental economists have proved through experiments that individuals have fair preferences and reciprocity is ubiquitous. The experiments mainly include trust experiment, gift exchange experiment, ultimatum experiment and public goods experiment. As for the reasons of reciprocity, the theoretical explanations are mainly divided into “mutual benefit based on distribution result” and “mutual benefit based on intention” Recent developments include the application of reciprocity to traditional economic analysis and the study of the heterogeneity of preferences. This article summarizes the relevant literature, put forward questions and point out the future direction of development.