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棋盘法是遗传学上计算杂交后代基因型和表现型种类及概率分布的一种最简单直接的方法。该方法的优点是准确可靠,直观全面。人教版《高中生物》必修2在“孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验㈡”阐述F1黄色圆粒(Yy Rr)自交后代中基因型、表现型的种类及比例时运用了这一方法。笔者在教学中发现,在解决配子的随机结合、随机交配和系谱题中有两种遗传病的概率计算方面运用棋盘法都有独到的好处。1.解决不同配子间随机结合的问题
The checkerboard method is the simplest and straightforward method of genetically calculating the genotypes and phenotypic species and probability distribution of hybrid offspring. The advantages of this method are accurate, reliable, intuitive and comprehensive. The PEP “High School Biology” required 2 in the “Mendell’s pea hybrid experiment (2)” to describe the type and proportion of genotypes, phenotypes, and proportions of F1 yellow round grain (Yy Rr) self-crossing progenies. In the teaching, the author found that the use of the checkerboard method has unique advantages in solving the probability of the two genetic diseases in random matching, random mating and pedigree. 1. Solve the problem of random binding between different gametes