国有企业的改革具体怎么改，从 整体上讲，十五届四中全会已指明了方向。它的核心问题是什么，我认为，核心问题是必须探索公有制的有效实现形式，形成公平竞争和有效的监督机制。公有制的多种实现形式包括了股份制，国有企业的改革尤其是产权制度的改革的最终出路，就是要实现 The specific reform of state-owned enterprises how to change, on the whole, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15 has specified the direction. Its core issue is what, I think, the core issue is to explore the effective realization of public ownership form, the formation of fair competition and effective supervision mechanism. The various forms of public ownership include the shareholding system. The ultimate solution to the reform of state-owned enterprises, especially the reform of the property rights system, is to realize