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本文介绍了世界闻名的钱塘江涌潮的特征;分析了钱塘江河口河床演变、涌潮动力等自然条件以及当地社会经济背景;阐述了在与钱江湖搏斗中,成功地图垦大片潮滩地,同时缩窄和整治钱塘江江边的经验。钱塘江是浙江省第一大河,流域面积约五万平方公里。芦茨埠(即现富春江水电站)以下受潮汐影响,其中闻家堰至澉浦段,属河口段(见图1)河长101公里,山潮水交替作用,河床宽浅,涌潮汹涌,江道善变,澉浦河宽20公里,向上游继续急剧收缩至杭州市钱塘江大桥附近,河宽1公里,河口段潮间带十分宽广,1960年以前尖山潮间带宽达15公里,海宁盐宫达7公里,低潮位时水深极浅,很多河段仅1～2米。钱江潮开始发生在尖山,最远时可上溯至富阳。由于水浅流急,仅能避开涌潮乘潮通行100吨以下船舶。河床为粉沙组成,无海水养殖之利,但有大片地势平坦的滩涂,宜于发展海涂围垦,近二十年来,在与强劲涌潮的搏斗之中,大力进行围涂与江道治理相结合的工程,取得了很大的进展。
This paper introduces the characteristics of the world-famous Qiantang River tidal stream. The paper analyzes the natural conditions such as riverbed evolution and gushing force of the Qiantang estuary, as well as the local social and economic background. It elaborates that in the fight against Qianjiang Lake, And rehabilitate the Qiantang River waterfront experience. Qiantang River is the largest river in Zhejiang Province, the basin area of about 50,000 square kilometers. The following are affected by the tides in Luzbu (now Fuchunjiang Hydropower Station), of which the Weijiayan to Xupu section is 101 km long along the mouth of the estuary (see Figure 1). The tide of the tidal flats alternates with the riverbed being shallow and the tidal surge surging. Jiangdao fickleness, Xupu River width of 20 km, continued to sharply upstream to the rapid contraction of Hangzhou Qiantang River Bridge, 1 km wide river, estuarine intertidal zone is very wide, before 1960 Jianshan intertidal bandwidth of 15 km, Haining Salt Palace Up to 7 km, the water depth is very shallow at low tide, many of the river is only 1 to 2 meters. Qianjiang Chao began to occur in Jianshan, farthest up to Fuyang. Because shallow shallow stream, only to avoid the influx of tide by 100 tons of traffic ships. The riverbed is composed of silt, without the benefits of mariculture. However, there are a large number of flat-shaped beaches, which are suitable for the development of coastal reclamation. In the past 20 years, in combination with the strong influx of tidal waves, the riverbed has been vigorously carried out The project has made great progress.