目的　应用彗星试验方法检测长期接触低浓度二硫化碳 (CS2 )职业人群的口腔黏膜细胞DNA损伤以及损伤程度。方法　在湖北省某大型化纤厂随机抽取 90例CS2 接触工人作为暴露组 ,同时选择 81例非接触工人作为对照组 ,进行彗星试验。结果　暴露组和对照组的彗星细胞拖尾率分别为 0 5 1%和 0 2 3% ,经 χ2 检验 ,差异有非常显著性。另外 ,低作业年限暴露组 (0 5 0 % )和男性暴露组 (0 5 6 % )的彗星细胞拖尾率均非常显著高于对照组 ,分别为 0 0 8%和 0 2 5 %。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果表明 ,CS2 暴露组DNA损伤的可能性明显高于对照组。结论　长期接触低浓度CS2 对工人口腔黏膜细胞的DNA有一定损伤。 Objective To detect DNA damage and damage of oral mucosal cells in long-term exposure to low-concentration carbon disulfide (CS2) occupational groups by comet assay. Methods A total of 90 CS2 exposed workers were selected randomly from a large chemical fiber factory in Hubei Province as the exposed group. Meanwhile, 81 non-contact workers were selected as the control group for comet assay. Results The tailing rates of comet cells in exposed group and control group were 0 51% and 0 2 3%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups by χ2 test. In addition, the tailing rates of comet cells in low-exposure group (0%) and male exposure group (0%) were significantly higher than those in control group (0% and 0%, respectively). Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the possibility of DNA damage in CS2 exposed group was significantly higher than that in control group. Conclusion Long-term exposure to low concentrations of CS2 has some damage to DNA in workers’ oral mucosal cells.