Ⅰ型唾液酸沉积症是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传疾病，主要表现为小脑性共济失调、肌阵挛和黄斑性樱桃红斑，通过基因检测发现α-N-乙酰神经氨酸酶（NEU1）基因突变或实验室检查发现神经氨酸苷酶缺乏时，就可以做出明确诊断。现报道1例31岁男性Ⅰ型唾液酸沉积症患者，并结合文献复习以提高临床医师对该疾病的认识与诊治水平。本例Ⅰ型唾液酸沉积症患者有视力下降、共济失调、肌阵挛发作，全外显子测序发现患者6号染色体NEU1基因c.544A>G （p.Ser182Gly）纯合突变。“,”Type Ⅰ sialidosis is a neurosomatic disorder related to the storage of lysosomal and induced by shortage of neuraminidase. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, maybe heterogeneous in its onset, clinical manifestations and prognosis. A case of type Ⅰ sialidosis with a missense mutation in the α-N-acetyl-neuraminidase (NEU1) gene is reported. The patient was characterized by reduced visual acuity, ataxia and subcortical myoclonus. Although the macular cherry red spots were not detected in the male patient, his bilateral visual evoked potential showed severely prolonged latencies of P100, which was consistent with continuous decline of his visions. Finally, he was treated with carbamazepine and clonazepam with moderate improvement in the symptom of myoclonus. In order to make the definite diagnosis, the importance of a clinical history integrating all the patient′s clinical manifestations and the mutation in NEU1 gene was highlighted. Regardless of being an uncommon disorder, the burden for those patients with sialidosis was significant. Therefore, this diagnosis in the relevant setting should always be considered.