许多考古学家认为,世界上最终会出现一种统一的考古学.我认为这是一种过于简单的看法,考古学的许多方法在过去一个世纪中已在世界范围内被广泛采用.但是有许多方面的差异仍然很大,并在可见的将来没有消除和融合的迹象.如果我们把考古学作为一个统一的学科看待,并估价其未来的发展,我们必须了解它的各个方面.考古学方法的提高和发展决不可能是把自己与其他学科割裂开来所能达到的.这种提高和发展往往迅速地从一个研究领域渗透到另一个领域.从这个意义上来说,世界性的考古学早在19世纪中叶已经存在了.1847年,哥本哈根科学院建立了一个交叉学科的贝冢委员会来研究丹麦沿海的地质史,参加者有地质学家、考古学家和生物学家.他们不仅对史前贝冢断代,而且成功地复原了史前环境和史前居民的生活方式.他们的成果为多学科研究提供了范例,并为稍后于瑞士进行的“湖居”遗址的交叉学科研究提供了榜样.一篇刊登在1860年史密森研究中心年度报告上有关丹麦和瑞士考古研究的译文,激起了对北美东西两岸贝冢的大规模研究.动物学 Many archaeologists believe that a unified archeology will eventually emerge in the world, which I think is a simplistic view that many methods of archeology have been widely adopted worldwide over the past century, but there are The differences in many respects are still large and there are no signs of elimination and convergence in the foreseeable future.If we consider archeology as a unified discipline and value its future development, we must understand all aspects of it.Archeological methods Can never be achieved by separating itself from other disciplines, which often rapidly penetrate from one field of study to another, in the sense that the worldwide archeology As early as the middle of the 19th century already existed. In 1847, the Copenhagen Academy of Sciences established an interdisciplinary clam shell committee to study the geological history of the Danish coast, with geologists, archaeologists and biologists participating in not only prehistoric Kaizuka, and successfully restored the prehistoric environment and lifestyle of prehistoric inhabitants.Their results provide an example for multidisciplinary research and Which provided an example for the interdisciplinary study of the “Hurricane” site later performed in Switzerland.A published translation of the 1860 annual report of the Smithsonian Institution on archeological research in Denmark and Switzerland aroused an interest in the study of the " Large-scale study of mounds