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本文考察了抗争政治研究中一个亟需认真研究但尚未深入探讨的问题——抗争政治对社会变迁的影响。依据抗争主体对社会变迁过程中衍生的社会心理危机、文化认同危机、社会资源分配危机和政权合法性危机所作的不同回应,本文将抗争政治划分为“情感导向型抗争政治”、“价值导向型抗争政治”、“利益导向型抗争政治”与“政权导向型抗争政治”四种类型。在此基础上,考察了它们各自影响社会变迁的具体途径与机制,并将它们分别提炼为“呈现模型”、“塑造模型”、“分配模型”与“变革模型”。此外,文章进一步阐述了抗争政治的能动性与其实现社会变迁程度之间的关系,即抗争政治实现社会变迁的程度受到自身动员规模、策略选择、组织水平等社会运动内部诸要素的影响。尽管如此,抗争政治实现社会变迁的程度,并不完全取决于抗争政治的动员规模、策略选择与组织水平中任何单一因素,而是各种因素综合作用的结果。
This article examines the issue of a study in protest politics that needs urgent study but has not yet been thoroughly explored - the impact of political protest on social changes. Based on the different responses of the protesters to the social psychological crises, cultural identity crises, social resource allocation crises and regime legitimacy crises in the process of social changes, this article classifies the resistance politics as “emotion-oriented protest politics” Value-oriented political struggle “,” interest-oriented political struggle “and” political power-oriented political struggle, “the four types. On the basis of this, the specific ways and mechanisms of their respective influences on social changes are investigated and they are respectively refined into the models of ”presentation model“, ”modeling model“, ”distribution model“ and ”transformation model“ ”. In addition, the article further elaborates the relationship between the motivation of protesting politics and the degree of its realization of social changes. That is, the degree of resistance to political realization of social changes is affected by the internal factors of social mobilization, such as the scale of its own mobilization, strategic choices and organizational level. Nevertheless, the extent to which political struggle to achieve social change does not depend entirely on the single scale of the scale of mobilization, strategic choice and organizational level in the struggle against politics, but as a result of the combined effect of various factors.