Aim: To investigate the anti-implantation effect of droloxifene and study the possible relationship between the anti-estrogenic activity of droloxifene and its antiimplantation effect. Methods: Pregnant rats were treated orally with droloxifene at 10:00 AM on d 2 at doses of 1.25-20 mg/kg to observe anti-implantation effects,and then doses of 14 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg were given at different time on d 2 to d 5to determine the optimal administration time for anti-implantation effects. Pregnant rats were treated with a combination of droloxifene (2.5 mg/kg, ig) and E2 (0.5-8.0 μg/kg, sc) on the optimal administration time to observe the antagonistic effect of exteal estrogen on the anti-implantation effect of droloxmene. Serum estrogen and progesterone levels were measured by carrying out radioimmunoas says on d 1 to d 6 in droloxifene-treated and control rats to determine the surge time for nidatory estrogen and the effect of droloxifene on ovary function. Results:Droloxifene has anti-implantation effects in rats. The optimal oral administration time was at 22:00 PM on d 4, which was after the surge time for nidatory estrogen (on d 4 at 10:00 AM). This suggests that the anti-implantation effect of droloxifene is not attributable to antagonism of the surge in secretion of nidatory estrogen.Exteal estrogen did not antagonize the anti-implantation effect of droloxifene.Droloxifene had no effect on the serum levels of estrogen and progesterone on d 5 or d 6 when administered on d 4 at 22:00 PM. Conclusion: Droloxifene has an anti-implantation effect in rats, and the effect appears to be not completely due to its anti-estrogenic activity.