实船抗冲击试验是对舰船及舰载设备抗冲击能力的全面考核,而试验爆距的准确设定和测量对于保证试验效果和试验结果分析至关重要。本文主要阐述了适用于水面舰艇抗冲击试验的机械定位法、冲击波零时法、GPS定位法、水声与GPS联测法的工作原理,并对各方法的应用特点、适用条件进行了综合比较和分析。 The actual ship impact test is a comprehensive assessment of the anti-impact capability of ships and shipborne equipment, and the accurate setting and measurement of the test burst distance are crucial to ensure the test results and the analysis of the test results. This article mainly elaborates the working principles of the mechanical positioning method, the zero-hour shock wave method, the GPS positioning method, the underwater acoustic and the GPS combined measuring method which are suitable for the anti-impact test of surface ships, and makes an overall comparison on the application features and applicable conditions of each method And analysis.