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针对飞行器在轨飞行时高空大气密度波动剧烈、气动特性辨识难度大等特点,提出了一种基于瑞利散射理论的成像激光雷达大气密度测量方法。利用气体分子的瑞利散射光强与分子密度成正比的特性,通过分析电子倍增成像探测器(EMCCD)拍摄的测量流场区域内激光后向瑞利散射光柱,得到了不同距离处高精度的在线大气密度数据。搭建了基于空间飞行器平台的大气密度在轨测量装置,并对该装置进行了标定。结果表明,所述方法对大气密度的测量精度不大于5%,且具有非接触、时间分辨率高等特点,因此在优化飞行器结构设计、提高气动辨识等方面具有良好的应用前景。
Aiming at the intense fluctuation of the altitude air density and the difficulty of recognizing the aerodynamic characteristics of the flying during orbit of the aircraft, a method for measuring the density of the imaging lidar based on the Rayleigh scattering theory is proposed. By using the characteristic that Rayleigh scattering intensity of gas molecules is proportional to the molecular density, the laser beam in the flow field measured by electron multiplying imaging detector (EMCCD) is scattered to the Rayleigh scattering beam, and the high-precision Online atmospheric density data. The atmospheric density on-orbit measurement device based on the spacecraft platform was built and the device was calibrated. The results show that the proposed method can measure the density of the atmosphere less than 5% and has the characteristics of non-contact and high time resolution. Therefore, it has a good application prospect in the aspects of optimizing the structural design of the aircraft and improving the aerodynamic identification.