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目的分析安徽省中小学生睡眠时间随年龄变化特征,为探讨中小学生睡眠时间与体质量指数(BMI)的关联提供基础数据。方法以安徽省2014年全国学生体质与健康调研的7 974名中小学生为研究对象,测量身高和体重,计算体质量指数。问卷调查获得睡眠状况。采用多因素线性回归分析睡眠时间与BMI-Z分(Z-BMI)的关联性。结果中小学生睡眠时间随年龄的增加而减少。9~11岁、12~14岁、15~18岁学生中每天睡眠时间超过8 h的比例分别为73%,34.6%,3.3%。9~11岁、12~14岁、15~18岁学生中睡眠时间符合国家卫生标准的比例分别为3.3%,8.4%,3.3%,各年龄组睡眠时间充足率女生均低于男生,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为5.218,3.876,22.702,P值均<0.05)。15~18岁组男女生睡眠时间与Z-BMI呈负关联(β=-0.070,P<0.05),且两者关联在男生中存在剂量反应关系。12~14岁组女生,随睡眠时间增加Z-BMI降低(β=0.073,P<0.05);分组分析显示,与睡眠时间小于7 h组相比,睡眠≥8 h组Z-BMI降低(β=-0.229,P<0.05)。结论睡眠时间不足在安徽省中小学生中十分普遍,睡眠时间不足可能增加Z-BMI增高的风险。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of sleep time of primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province with age, and provide the basic data for exploring the relationship between sleep time and body mass index (BMI) of primary and secondary school students. Methods A total of 7 974 primary and secondary school students from Anhui Province National Physical Fitness and Health Survey conducted in 2014 were included in this study. Height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated. Questionnaire to sleep. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the association between sleep time and BMI-Z score (Z-BMI). Results Primary and secondary school students sleep time decreased with increasing age. The proportion of students aged 9-11, 12-14, 15-18 years old sleeping more than 8 hours per day was 73%, 34.6% and 3.3%, respectively. The percentage of children aged 9 ~ 11, 12 ~ 14 and 15 ~ 18 years old sleeping in compliance with the national health standards were 3.3%, 8.4% and 3.3%, respectively. The average percentage of girls in each age group with adequate sleep was lower than that of boys There was statistical significance (χ2 values were 5.218,3.876,22.702, P values were <0.05). The sleep time of boys and girls in 15-18 age group was negatively correlated with Z-BMI (β = -0.070, P <0.05), and there was a dose-response relationship between boys and girls. Z-BMI decreased with sleep time (β = 0.073, P <0.05) in group 12 to 14 years old group. Z-BMI was lower in group with sleep ≥ 8 h = -0.229, P <0.05). Conclusion Insufficient sleep time is very common among primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province. Insufficient sleep time may increase the risk of Z-BMI increase.