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一、“东北现象”的表现和原因分析“东北现象”是近年来引起人们关注的热点问题。经济发展曾居全国前列的东北三省工业生产举步艰难,1990年黑龙江、辽宁和吉林工业增长率分别居全国倒数第二、第四和第五位,经济效益也处于落后地位,就亏损面讲,全国平均是40%,黑龙江是52%,辽宁62%,吉林48%。从统计资料上看,1990年东北三省工业总产值仅比上年增长0.6%,按全国平均增长7%的水平相差甚远;预算内企业实现利税下降25%至45%,大大超过了全国平均18.5%的降幅。从较长的时间看,东北三省的工业产值在1957年占全国工业产值的25%以上,在实行开发政策前的1977年降至工7%,1989年又降至工3%。这说明,东北地区经济不景气并非目前的现象,而是已有较长时间了,并有其多种原因。
I. Performance and Causes of “Northeast Phenomenon” “Northeast Phenomenon” is a hot issue that has drawn people’s attention in recent years. Economic Development The industrial production in the three northeastern provinces that once occupied the forefront of the country was struggling. In 1990, the industrial growth rates of Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin Province ranked the second, fourth and fifth respectively in the country and the economic efficiency was still in a backward position. In terms of losses, The national average is 40%, Heilongjiang is 52%, Liaoning 62%, Jilin 48%. Statistics show that in 1990, the total industrial output value of the three northeastern provinces increased by only 0.6% over the previous year and fell far short of the national average of 7%. The profits and taxes of budgetary enterprises decreased by 25% to 45%, far exceeding the national average 18.5% decline. In a longer period of time, the industrial output value of the three northeastern provinces accounted for over 25% of the national industrial output value in 1957, down to 7% in 1977 before implementing the development policy and 3% in 1989. This shows that the economic downturn in the northeast region is not the current phenomenon but has been going on for a long time and for various reasons.