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应用常规统计学方法和典范对应分析方法,研究青海黄河沿岸不同程度盐渍化土壤各属性特征及其数量关系,探讨了土壤属性与环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:非农地土壤属中度、重度盐渍化土壤和盐土;随盐渍化程度增强,土壤阳离子从镁钙盐型转变为钠盐型;土壤阴离子从硫酸盐型转变为氯化物型;除Ca~(2+)与Cl~-、K~+相关性不显著外,其他各离子浓度之间显著正相关;有机质与pH值显著负相关;电导率与各离子浓度极显著正相关,与总盐浓度的相关性高达0.91;土壤各粒级含量及分形维数与各离子浓度、电导率、总盐浓度之间相关性不显著。土地利用类型能够很好地指示土壤盐渍化水平,盐渍化程度同时受微地形影响。土壤盐碱化与沙化是两个相关的土壤退化过程。
By using the conventional statistical methods and canonical correspondence analysis methods, the characteristics of various salinized soils along Qinghai Yellow River and their quantitative relationships were studied. The relationships between soil attributes and environmental factors were also discussed. The results showed that non-agricultural soils were moderately and heavily salinized soils and saline soils. With the increase of salinization, the soil cations changed from magnesium-calcium to sodium-salts, and the soil anions changed from sulfate to chloride ; There was a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of other ions except for the correlation between Ca 2+ and Cl ~ - and K +; the organic matter was negatively correlated with the pH value; the conductivity was positively correlated with each ion concentration , And its correlation with total salt concentration was as high as 0.91. There was no significant correlation between the contents of various grain fractions and the fractal dimension of soil, ion concentration, conductivity and total salt concentration. The type of land use can well indicate the level of soil salinization, which is affected by microtopography at the same time. Soil salinization and desertification are two related processes of soil degradation.