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目的探讨乳腺癌术后化疗患者感染的高危因素以及相关干预对策,以降低其感染率。方法选取2013年1月-2015年1月于医院进行诊治的288例乳腺癌手术患者临床资料,对化疗后患者的唾液、血液、分泌物等相关标本进行常规细菌检测,根据检测报告进行感染因素的总结,并对乳腺癌术后化疗患者感染的高危因素进行分析。结果 288例乳腺癌患者术后化疗发生感染48例,感染率为16.67%,感染部位以呼吸道和手术切口为主,分别占41.66%、29.17%;导致患者发生感染的主要病原菌中以革兰阴性菌、真菌为主;通过条件分析法发现,伴随疾病、引流时间、化疗、白细胞含量降低、住院时间以及激素的使用等均是导致乳腺癌术后化疗患者发生医院感染的高危因素。结论乳腺癌患者由于术后化疗导致体内的白细胞减少,免疫能力下降,导致容易受到病原菌的感染,通过分析乳腺癌患者术后化疗感染的高危因素,发现有效的护理干预能够降低感染率。
Objective To investigate the high risk factors of postoperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and related intervention strategies to reduce the infection rate. Methods From January 2013 to January 2015 in the hospital for diagnosis and treatment of 288 cases of breast cancer patients with clinical data on patients with saliva after chemotherapy, blood, secretions and other related specimens for routine bacterial testing, according to the test report of infection factors Of the summary, and analysis of high risk factors for postoperative chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Results In the 288 cases of postoperative chemotherapy, 48 cases were infected with chemotherapy, the infection rate was 16.67%. The main infection sites were respiratory tract and surgical incision, accounting for 41.66% and 29.17% respectively. The main pathogens causing infection were Gram-negative Bacteria and fungi were the main risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with breast cancer who underwent postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Concomitant diseases, drainage time, chemotherapy, decreased leukocyte content, length of hospital stay and hormone use were all found by conditional analysis. Conclusion Due to postoperative chemotherapy, patients with breast cancer have decreased leukopenia and immunocompetence, leading to susceptibility to pathogen infection. By analyzing the risk factors of postoperative chemotherapy infection in breast cancer patients, it is found that effective nursing intervention can reduce the infection rate.