一、前言早在十九世纪末期,伦琴发现X射线后不久,人们就开始研究X射线在各个领域内如何为人类服务。但是X射线光谱分析作为一种分析手段被采用还是四十年代以后的事。现在随着核物理技术,电子技术,超高压技术,电真空技术,计算机技术以及精密机械加工等等各个科学技术领域的迅速发展,X射线的应用范围也日益广泛。X射线光学技术不但在医学和 I. INTRODUCTION As early as the late 19th century, Roentgen shortly after the discovery of X-rays, people began to study X-ray in various fields how to serve humanity. However, the use of X-ray spectroscopy as an analytical tool is still something after the 1940s. Now with the rapid development of various fields of science and technology, such as nuclear physics, electronic technology, ultra-high voltage technology, electric vacuum technology, computer technology and precision machining, the application range of X-ray is also becoming wider and wider. X-ray optics not only in medicine and