研究了生铁中铅、砷、锡等杂质元素对铸铁组织和性能的影响 ,分析了稀土硅铁、碱土硅铁以及它们的复合合金对含杂质元素铸铁的孕育效果。结果表明 :铅、砷、锡等杂质元素促进过冷石墨和网状碳化物的析出 ,降低铸铁的力学性能和冶金质量指标。建议把它们的含量控制在 :Pb≤ 0 .0 0 5 5 % ;As≤ 0 .0 13 % ;Sn≤0 .1%。试验表明 ,稀土硅铁、碱土硅铁及其复合孕育剂可有效消除微量杂质元素的危害 ,提高铸铁质量 ,获得良好的经济技术效益。 The effects of lead, arsenic, tin and other impurity elements on the microstructure and properties of cast iron were studied. The effects of rare earth ferrosilicon, alkaline earth ferrosilicon and their composite alloys on the inoculation of iron with impurity element were analyzed. The results show that lead, arsenic and tin can promote the precipitation of supercooled graphite and reticular carbides, and reduce the mechanical properties and metallurgical quality of cast iron. Proposed to control their content in: Pb ≤ 0. 0 0 5 5%; As ≤ 0. 0 13%; Sn ≤ 0 .1%. Tests show that rare earth ferrosilicon, alkaline earth ferrosilicon and its compound inoculant can effectively eliminate the hazards of trace impurities, improve the quality of cast iron, get good economic and technical benefits.