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[目的]筛选获得对人参土传病害具较好防治作用的生防菌株。[方法]采用稀释平板法和平板对峙培养法从患病人参根际土中分离筛选生防菌,并对菌株进行形态学、生理生化特征和16SrDNA鉴定。[结果]以立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)为指示菌株,从黑龙江铁力农场患病人参根际土中筛选获得2株具较强拮抗作用的生防菌株B59和X1,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌。2株生防菌对8种不同真菌的抑菌率平均达90%以上,初步研究表明B59和X1菌株可分泌抗菌活性物质。[结论]2株生防枯草芽孢杆菌B59和X1菌株对人参土传病原菌具较强的拮抗作用,具有一定的开发应用潜力。
[Objective] The research aimed to obtain the biocontrol strains with better prevention and control of ginseng soil-borne diseases. [Method] The biocontrol bacteria were isolated and screened from ginseng rhizosphere soil by using dilution plate method and plate confrontation culture method. The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA identification of strains were also carried out. [Result] Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani were selected as the indicator strains and screened from the ginseng rhizosphere soils of Tieli farm in Heilongjiang province Two biocontrol strains B59 and X1 with strong antagonism were identified as Bacillus subtilis. The antibacterial activity of the two strains against eight different fungi averages over 90%. Preliminary studies have shown that the strains B59 and X1 can secrete antimicrobial active substances. [Conclusion] The 2 isolates of Bacillus subtilis B59 and X1 could antagonize pathogenic bacteria of ginseng soil and have certain potential for development and application.