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如何保证刑事诉讼中事实裁判的客观性,一直是刑事诉讼理论中的一项重要课题。按照德国社会学家马克斯.韦伯提出的形式理性观,法律的理性化与司法的形式化是保证司法结果客观性的两个前提条件。在这种意义上,刑事诉讼中事实裁判的客观性取决于刑事证据法的理性化水平以及刑事证据司法运作的形式化程度。然而,根据形式理性来确立影响事实裁判客观化程度的刑事诉讼证明标准是否可能,却还是一个值得思考的问题。因为法律本身客观上存在的漏洞、法律相对于社会现实的滞后性、司法解释的弹性等方面的因素,使细密司法的理想很难实现。因此,对形式理性的理论预期,需要保持相对客观而冷静的态度。
How to ensure the objectivity of factual judgment in criminal procedure has always been an important issue in criminal procedure theory. According to the formal rationality proposed by the German sociologist Max Weber, the rationalization of law and the formalization of the judiciary are two prerequisites for guaranteeing the objectivity of the judicial result. In this sense, the objectivity of factual adjudication in criminal proceedings depends on the rationalization of criminal evidence law and the formalization of judicial operation of criminal evidence. However, based on the formal rationality, it is still a question worth considering that it is possible to establish the standard of proof of criminal procedure that affects the objective objectivity of the factual referee. Because of the objective existence of the law itself loopholes, the law relative to the lag of social reality, the flexibility of judicial interpretation and other factors, so that the ideal of fine justice is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the theory of formal rationality needs to be relatively objective and calm.