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目的了解广州市黄埔区2009-2013年肺结核流行病学特征,为制定结核病防制措施提供科学依据。方法收集国家《结核病信息管理系统》中黄埔区2009-2013年肺结核病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2009-2013年黄埔区共登记肺结核病例1585例,主要来源为转诊,年平均登记发病率73.42/10万,低于同期广州市年平均登记发病率水平,流动人口肺结核年平均登记发病率高于户籍人口(χ2=31.89,P<0.01);涂阳病例占35.58%,户籍人口和流动人口涂阳病例比例相近(χ2=1.095,P=0.295);各月份均有病例发生,3~5月份和7~9月份发病数较多;全区各街道均有病例,主要集中在南岗街、黄埔街、鱼珠街及大沙街,占57.98%,大沙街、红山街及鱼珠街年平均登记发病率高于全区水平;户籍人口和流动人口男性肺结核年平均发病率均高于女性(分别为χ2=70.348,P<0.01;χ2=50.670,P<0.01);户籍人口病例主要集中在35~64岁,年平均发病率随着年龄增长呈上升趋势,流动人口病例主要集中在15~44岁,25~34岁年龄组年平均发病率最高;职业以家务及待业比例最高(30.54%);患者以Ⅲ型肺结核为主(99.94%),就诊延误率为23.53%,确诊延误率为48.39%。结论 2009-2013年黄埔区肺结核年平均发病率低于广州市水平,流动人口肺结核影响全区结核病疫情,发病有季节性、地区性、人群特征及患者特征,应加强患者发现力度,加强重点人群体检、症状监测及老年人健康档案建立工作,加强结核病防治宣传教育和健康促进工作,提高居民预防结核病意识。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Huangpu District of Guangzhou from 2009 to 2013 and provide a scientific basis for the development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures. Methods The data of tuberculosis cases from 2009 to 2013 in Huangpu District of “National Tuberculosis Information Management System” were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 1585 cases of tuberculosis were registered in Huangpu District from 2009 to 2013. The main source was referral. The annual average registration rate was 73.42 / 100 000, which was lower than the average registered incidence of Guangzhou in the same period and the average annual incidence of tuberculosis in floating population (Χ2 = 31.89, P <0.01). The smear-positive cases accounted for 35.58% of the cases, and the proportion of smear positive cases was similar between the household population and the floating population (χ2 = 1.095, P = 0.295) In May and from July to September, the number of cases was relatively high. There were cases in all streets in the district, mainly in Nangang Street, Huangpu Street, Yuzhu Street and Dasha Street, accounting for 57.98% of the total. Dasha Street, Hongshan Street and fish The average annual incidence rate of Zhujie was higher than that of the whole district. The average annual incidence of tuberculosis in both registered permanent residents and floating population was higher than that of female (χ2 = 70.348, P <0.01, χ2 = 50.670, P <0.01) The cases mainly concentrated in the 35-64 years old, the annual average incidence increased with age, the floating population mainly concentrated in the 15 to 44 years old, 25 to 34 years old group had the highest average annual incidence; occupations of household and unemployed (30.54%). The patients were mainly type Ⅲ pulmonary tuberculosis (99.94%), the delay rate was 23.53% 48.39% error rate. Conclusion The average annual incidence of tuberculosis in Huangpu District from 2009 to 2013 was lower than that in Guangzhou. The TB population in migrant population affected the TB epidemic in the entire region from 2009-2013. The seasonal, regional, population characteristics and patient characteristics of tuberculosis in migrant population should be strengthened. Physical examination, symptom monitoring and the establishment of health records for the elderly to step up publicity, education and health promotion of tuberculosis prevention and control and to raise residents’ awareness of tuberculosis prevention.