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通过在重庆万州区对冬小麦、油菜、春玉米和裸地4种试验小区进行5种雨强的人工模拟降雨试验,研究不同农作物对降雨侵蚀的影响。结果表明:不同作物小区的产流产沙速率存在显著差异,产流产沙速率均与降雨历时呈对数正相关关系;相同雨强下,4个模拟试验小区的产流产沙速率、总径流量、侵蚀产沙量大小均为裸地>冬小麦>油菜>春玉米。作物的蓄水保土功能是地上部分和地下部分(根系)共同作用的结果,3种作物水土保持功能由高到低依次为春玉米最佳,油菜次之,小麦最差。
Five rainfall-intensity simulated rainfall experiments were conducted on four experimental plots of winter wheat, rape, spring corn and bare land in Wanzhou District of Chongqing to study the effects of different crops on rainfall erosion. The results showed that there were significant differences in runoff and sediment yield rates in different crop areas, and the runoff and sediment yield rates showed a logarithmic positive correlation with rainfall duration. Under the same rainfall intensity, the runoff and sediment yield, total runoff, Erosion and sediment yield were bare land> winter wheat> rape> spring corn. The function of water storage and soil conservation is the result of the joint action of above-ground part and underground part (root system). The highest and lowest functions of soil and water conservation of three crops are spring maize, followed by rapeseed, and wheat is the worst.