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作者认为,康德历史形而上学的意义不次于《纯粹理性批判》在其自身领域的重要性,它将哲学问题由存在领域转向义务领域。普遍世界历史观采用的是先验方法,与目的论联系在一起,体现出大自然的计划。如果说康德伦理学追求个体的自由及其道德独立性,那么其历史哲学则强调人类只有通过社会这个媒介,才能实现其真正的道德任务。人类自身的二重性构成康德历史哲学的本质,也是历史与社会发展的动力,由此决定了社会政治的真正任务,由此方显启蒙运动的真正意义。
The author believes that the significance of Kant’s historical metaphysics is not inferior to the importance of “critical rationalism” in its own field. It shifts the philosophical problem from the existing field to the voluntary one. The universal world view of history takes a transcendental approach, linked with teleology, reflecting the nature’s plan. If Kant ethics pursues the individual’s freedom and moral independence, his philosophy of history emphasizes that humankind can realize its true moral task only through the medium of society. The duality of mankind itself constitutes the essence of Kant’s philosophy of history as well as the driving force of history and social development, which determines the real tasks of social politics.