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目的探讨肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)的临床特征及相关影响因素,制定切实可行的预防措施。方法采用回顾性临床分析方法,对19例PTE产妇的死亡原因进行全面分析,总结其临床特征及相关因素。结果 19例PTE死亡者全部发生于产后,其中呼吸困难11例、晕厥5例、咳嗽气喘3例、紫绀8例、低血压8例、心悸4例、猝死7例。发病时间在产后5～146h,平均68.26h,死亡时间在发病后1～71h,平均11.32h,均为急性。有危险因素者16例,占94.74%。结论产后PTE发病迅速、死亡率较高,如果有危险因素,发病率更高。因此,对存在危险因素的孕产妇进行严密监测,必要时采取肝素或低分子肝素预防,减少发病率,早诊断早治疗甚为关键。
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) and related factors, and to develop practical preventive measures. Methods Retrospective clinical analysis was used to analyze the causes of death of 19 PTE mothers and to summarize their clinical features and related factors. Results All 19 cases of PTE occurred in postpartum. Among them, 11 were dyspnea, 5 were syncope, 3 were cough and asthma, 8 were cyanosis, 8 were hypotension, 4 were heart palpitations, and 7 were sudden death. The onset time in postpartum 5 ~ 146h, an average of 68.26h, the time of death in the onset of 1 ~ 71h, an average of 11.32h, are acute. There are 16 risk factors, accounting for 94.74%. Conclusions Postpartum PTE has a rapid onset and high mortality rate. If there are risk factors, the incidence rate is higher. Therefore, the risk factors of maternal closely monitored, if necessary, to take heparin or low molecular weight heparin to prevent and reduce the incidence of early diagnosis and early treatment is the key.