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在美苏冷战背景下,1957年苏联成功发射了世界上第一颗人造地球卫星,引起了美国人的危机感。美国人认为美国太空技术落后的原因在于教育的落后和科研体制的不足,实行了美国高等教育改革。美国高等教育改革体现在三个方面:国会通过1958年《国防教育法》,从而对美国高等教育产生了重大影响;联邦政府出台“基础研究理想”的科学政策,加强了对大学基础科学研究的资助;美国高等教育结构的改革。
Against the backdrop of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union successfully launched the world’s first man-made earth satellite in 1957, arousing a sense of crisis among Americans. The reason why Americans think the technology behind the space technology in the United States lies in the backward education and the inadequacy of the scientific research system have introduced the reform of American higher education. The reform of higher education in the United States is reflected in three aspects: the passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958 by the Congress, which has had a significant impact on the higher education in the United States; the federal government has promulgated the “basic research ideal” scientific policy and strengthened the basic science Research funding; the reform of the structure of American higher education.