目的:了解我国≥40岁吸烟人群烟草依赖情况及其影响因素，为我国广泛开展戒烟干预提供科学数据。方法:本研究数据来源于2014-2015年中国居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病监测，覆盖31个省（自治区、直辖市）的125个监测点，以面对面询问调查的方式收集≥40岁居民吸烟和烟草依赖的相关变量。应用复杂抽样加权估计我国≥40岁现在吸烟和现在每日吸烟人群烟草依赖率及其95%n CI并分析其影响因素。n 结果:纳入分析现在吸烟者22 380人，现在每日吸烟者19 999人。≥40岁现在吸烟人群的重度烟草依赖率为31.1%（29.3%~32.9%），其中男性为32.0%（30.2%~33.9%），高于女性17.6%（13.4%~21.7%）；乡村为32.7%（30.2%~35.2%），高于城镇；40~59岁年龄组重度烟草依赖率较高，为33.3%（31.3%~35.2%）。≥40岁现在每日吸烟人群的重度烟草依赖率为35.0%（33.0%~37.0%），男性为35.8%（33.8%~37.8%），女性为22.0%（16.8%~27.2%）。在现在吸烟人群和每日吸烟人群中，文化程度越低，重度烟草依赖率越高；18岁以前开始吸烟者重度烟草依赖率明显高于18岁及以后开始吸烟者；有慢性呼吸道症状者的重度烟草依赖率明显高于无症状吸烟者；慢性呼吸系统疾病患者和非患者的重度烟草依赖率差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）；患有糖尿病、心脑血管疾病和高血压的吸烟者的重度烟草依赖率略低于非患者（n P0.05). Smokers with diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension had a slightly lower proportion of high tobacco dependence than smokers without above diseases (n P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men, central and eastern regions, 40-59 age group, engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery industry, water conservancy, manufacture, transportation and commercial services occupation, low education level and smoking onset age less than 18 years old had a high risk of high tobacco dependence.n Conclusions:The proportion of high tobacco dependence among current smokers aged 40 or older is high in China, so there is a huge demand for smoking cessation interventions. Effective measures should be taken to promote smoking cessation intervention in China.