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朱子鬼神观是其思想体系中的重要一环,学界对此关注尚不够。本文以朱子为中心,上溯至二程与张载以至孔孟,着意区分朱子鬼神观的多层次与多侧面,从儒家富于人文理性的人本主义立场出发,考查朱子对生死的态度及其对义命学说的新见。在论述朱子以理气学说阐释鬼神观时,指出朱子反对“安排布置”之论与反对“设教”说,这些须在辟佛背景下方能体贴出其本意之所在。
The spirits and deities view of Zhu is an important part of his ideological system. The academic circle is not enough to pay attention to this. This article takes Zhu as the center, goes back to Cheng Er and Zhang Zai and even to Confucius and Mencius, deliberately differentiates the multi-level and the multi-facets of Zhu Xi’s ghost and god view. Based on Confucianism’s humanistic stance, it investigates Zhu’s attitude toward life and death and its New Views on the Doctrine of Virtue. When discussing Zhu Zi’s interpretation of spirits and gods with the theory of qi and gas, Zhu pointed out that Zhu’s opposition to “arranging arrangement” and opposition to “teaching” said that these people should be considerate of their original intention under the background of the Pope.