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为了科学合理地制定农田施肥方案,提高养分资源的利用率,促进变量施肥技术的发展;以吉林省梨树县高家村和金山村的农田土壤养分为例,利用地统计学模型,结合GIS技术,研究了保护性耕作对黑土土壤养分空间变异性的影响;保护性耕作土壤养分的空间变异属于中等变异强度,大于传统性耕作土壤养分的空间变异性;保护性耕作模式下土壤养分比传统性耕作模式下土壤养分的结构性强,具有较强的空间自相关性,除速效磷外,传统性耕作模式下土壤养分的最大变程均小于保护性耕作模式下土壤养分的最大变程;土壤养分的空间变异图表明,保护性耕作模式下土壤养分呈团块状分布,传统性耕作模式下土壤养分呈垂直于垄向的条带状分布;保护性耕作土壤养分空间变异性受自然因素影响较大,而传统性耕作土壤养分空间变异性受人为随机因素影响较大;保护性耕作模式下土壤养分的空间变异大于传统性耕作模式,而且结构性和相关性较强,说明精准施肥更适用于保护性耕作模式。
In order to develop scientific and reasonable farmland fertilization plan, improve the utilization rate of nutrient resources and promote the development of variable fertilization technology; take the farmland soil nutrients in Gaojiacun and Jinshancun of Lishu County, Jilin Province as an example, using the geostatistical model and the GIS technology , The effect of conservation tillage on the spatial variability of soil nutrients in black soil was studied. The spatial variability of conservation tillage soil nutrients was medium variation intensity, which was greater than the spatial variability of soil nutrients in traditional tillage. The conservation of soil nutrients under conservation tillage was more traditional Under tillage mode, soil nutrients are structurally strong and have strong spatial autocorrelation. In addition to available phosphorus, the maximum range of soil nutrients in the traditional tillage mode is less than that of the conservation tillage mode. Soil The spatial variability of nutrients showed that the soil nutrients in the conservation tillage mode showed a mass distribution, and the soil nutrients in the traditional tillage mode showed a strip-shaped distribution perpendicular to the ridge. The spatial variability of conservation tillage soil nutrients was affected by natural factors But the spatial variability of soil nutrients in traditional tillage is more affected by random factors; conservation tillage It is greater than the spatial variability of soil nutrients conventional tillage, and structural and strong correlation, described more suitable for precision fertilizer conservation tillage.