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对于跨界含水层的开发利用、保护与管理问题,目前所形成的跨界含水层法条款草案不是对既有的习惯国际法的编纂,也没有成为开放性的条约文本或软法文件。但是,条款草案依托和反映的是既有的国际法原则,因而在总体上蕴含着一种框架原则性的“协同”效力。条款草案的治理价值与功能在于,它使各国考虑、兼顾他国的主权和利益,并审慎地决策和行动,诱导有关国家就跨界含水层问题达成双边协定和区域安排。条款草案形成了“权利义务柔性平衡”的治理结构,以及以框架义务为基础的动态治理模式,这是治理跨界地下水资源问题的适宜路径和方法。中国应当根据条款草案采取必要的响应策略,在跨界含水层问题上正确地维护本国利益,并积极推进国际协调合作。
With regard to the issue of development, utilization, protection and management of transboundary aquifers, the current draft articles on the law of transboundary aquifers are neither compilation of existing customary international law nor open treaty texts or soft law documents. However, the draft articles rely on and reflect the existing principles of international law and, as a whole, imply a framework-principle “synergy” effect. The governing value and function of the draft articles is that it allows countries to consider, take into account the sovereignty and interests of other countries and make prudent decisions and actions so as to induce the countries concerned to reach bilateral agreements and regional arrangements on the issue of transboundary aquifers. The draft articles formed the governance structure of “flexible balance of rights and obligations” and the dynamic governance model based on the framework obligations, which is the appropriate route and method for governing the issue of transboundary groundwater resources. Based on the draft articles, China should adopt the necessary response strategies to correctly safeguard its own interests in the issue of transboundary aquifers and actively promote international coordination and cooperation.