目的:了解原州区新生儿死亡情况并采取针对性的干预措施、提高产科和儿科的救治水平。方法:对辖区2006～2010年新生儿死亡时间地点、死因构成及相关因素进行回顾性分析。结果:出生窒息、早产及低出生体重、肺炎和其他先天异常是医院新生儿死亡的前4位原因;67.41%的新生儿在医院死亡;新生儿死前救治措施不适宜包括未按规范程序进行新生儿复苏、治疗和用药不规范、处理不及时、设施缺乏、未及时转诊和产、儿科缺乏沟通合作。结论:出生窒息是医院新生儿的首位死因。亟待加强基层产、儿科建设及基层医务人员的培训,提高新生儿的救治水平,加强产儿科合作是降低新生儿死亡率的关键。 OBJECTIVE: To understand the neonatal death in Yuanzhou District and to take targeted interventions to improve the obstetric and pediatric treatment. Methods: The area of ​​neonatal death from 2006 to 2010, the cause of death and related factors were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Asphyxial birth, premature birth and low birth weight, pneumonia and other congenital anomalies were the first four causes of neonatal death in the hospital; 67.41% of newborns died in the hospital; and neonatal treatment before death was not appropriate to include non-standard procedures Neonatal recovery, treatment and medication are not standardized, not handled properly, lack of facilities, not timely referral and delivery, lack of communication and cooperation in pediatrics. Conclusion: Birth asphyxia is the leading cause of death for newborns in the hospital. Urgent need to strengthen grass-roots production, pediatric construction and grass-roots medical staff training to improve the treatment of newborns, strengthening pediatric cooperation is the key to reducing neonatal mortality.