论文部分内容阅读
英国和西德等西欧国家在五十年代就在煤矿中使用锚杆支架,但发展比较缓慢,至今90％以上的巷道仍使用金属支架,其主要原因是这些国家的煤层和顶底板岩层比较松软,开采深度较大,以前使用的锚杆支架结构对于松软岩层锚固力低,支护效果差而且不安全。但是,锚杆支架与金属支架比较,具有成本低、掘进速度快等特点,煤矿巷道面大量广,推广锚杆支架将可能获得巨大的技术经济效益,故他们一直在结合本国的开采条件进行试验研究。近几年来他们在锚杆支护技术上取得了较大进展,开始在深度大(达700米以上),断面大(15米~2以上)、岩性较软的巷道和回采顺槽推广使用锚杆支架,本文拟综合介绍他们在该条件下使用锚杆支架的锚杆类型及主要技术特点。
In the 1950s, Western European countries such as Britain and West Germany used the anchor bracket in coal mines, but the development was relatively slow. Since more than 90% of the tunnels still use metal brackets, the main reason is that the coal seam and the top and bottom rock formations in these countries are relatively soft , The mining depth is larger, the anchor support structure previously used has a low anchoring force for the soft rock formation, and the support effect is poor and unsafe. However, compared with the metal bracket, the anchor bracket has the characteristics of low cost and fast excavation speed. Since a large number of coal mine tunnels are widened, it is probable that the promotion of the anchor bracket will bring enormous technical and economic benefits. Therefore, they have been experimenting with the mining conditions of their country the study. In recent years, they have made great progress in bolt support technology and have started to promote the use of large depth (up to 700 meters), large cross-section (15 meters to 2 above), soft rock roadway and backhoe This article intends to synthetically introduce the types and main technical characteristics of the anchors which they use under this condition.