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1978年至今,中国在推进工业化进程的同时,也伴随着工业部门内部资源错配的变迁。首先,本文构建异质性多部门模型测算出了1980-2014年中国工业部门资源错配系数及其资源错配变动趋势。其次,实证分析了2000-2014年中国由工业化中期推进到后期过程中资源错配阻碍经济增长的动态效应。研究发现:第一,随着工业化进程的不断推进,资源错配所造成的工业部门产出缺口值虽存在局部波动性,但就整体而言呈现下降趋势;第二,在整个工业化进程中,各工业行业劳动要素和资本要素扭曲程度在工业化前期和中期逐渐优化,但由中期推进到后期时却出现恶化趋势;第三,伴随工业化中期向后期推进的过程中,资源错配对工业经济增长的阻碍作用逐渐增强。
From 1978 to the present, while advancing the process of industrialization, China is also accompanied by changes in misallocation of resources within the industrial sector. First of all, this article constructs a heterogeneous multi-sectoral model to calculate the change trend of China’s industrial sector resource mismatch coefficient and its resource mismatch during 1980-2014. Secondly, this paper empirically analyzes the dynamic effects of mismatch of resources in hindering economic growth from 2000 to 2014 in China from the middle stage of industrialization to the later period. The findings are as follows: First, with the progress of industrialization, the output gap caused by the misallocation of resources has a local volatility but shows a downward trend as a whole. Second, in the entire process of industrialization, The distortions of the labor and capital elements in various industrial sectors were gradually optimized in the early and middle stages of industrialization but worsened from the middle stage to the late stage. Third, with the mid-to-late period of industrialization, the mismatch of resources contributed to the growth of the industrial economy Obstacles gradually increased.