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目的分析深圳市职业性慢性正己烷中毒患者特征,为做好正己烷危害防治工作提供依据。方法收集深圳市2006—2015年确诊的职业性慢性正己烷中毒病例资料(包括发病时间、临床特征和职业史等)进行回顾性分析。结果 10年间共发生职业性慢性正己烷中毒107例,其中男性77例(占72.0%),患病年龄中位数22(17~52)岁,女性发病年龄小于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。以群发病例为主(占86.9%),相比散发病例,群发患者发病年龄更小、工龄更短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。群发事件多发生在冬春季节,散发病例无季节集中现象。大部分病例发生在宝安区,电子、印刷行业的患病比例最高(占89.7%),且以小型私营企业为主,空调密闭无尘车间更易发生。结论电子、印刷行业中的小型私营企业应成为正己烷危害的重点监控对象,特别是在冬春季高发季节,应针对存在空调密闭无尘车间的企业加强宣传、监管。职业健康检查是早期发现中毒病例的有效途径。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning patients in Shenzhen and provide basis for the prevention and control of n-hexane hazards. Methods The data of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning (including onset time, clinical features and occupational history) in Shenzhen City from 2006 to 2015 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 107 cases of occupational chronic n-hexane poisoning occurred in 10 years, including 77 males (72.0%) and 22 (17-52) years old. The age of onset of females was smaller than that of males P <0.01). The majority of the cases were mass (86.9%). Compared with the cases of sporadic cases, the incidence of cluster patients was smaller and the length of service was shorter. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Mass incidents occurred in the winter and spring, sporadic cases no seasonal concentration. Most cases occurred in Bao’an District, the highest proportion of the electronics and printing industries (accounting for 89.7%), with small-scale private-owned enterprises as the main concern. Air-conditioned hermetic clean rooms were more likely to occur. Conclusion Small private-owned enterprises in the electronics and printing industries should become the key monitoring targets for n-hexane hazards. Especially in the high season of winter and spring, enterprises with air-conditioners that are enclosed and clean rooms should step up publicity and regulation. Occupational health examination is an effective way to detect poisoned cases early.