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事实认知上的疑罪,是指司法指控已在程序上形成,但有罪信念无法达到起诉标准或无法达到定罪标准,罪行主张既不能被证实又不能被证伪的状态。研究疑罪的成疑规则,实际上是研究定罪规则的反向表述。疑罪的成疑标准须平衡处理一对矛盾:为了集体安全,疑罪标准要提高;为了个人安宁,疑罪标准要降低。规则是司法经验积累的结果,成疑标准应当建立在历史理性的归纳之中。
The factual suspicion of a crime refers to a state where judicial allegations have been formed on a procedural basis, but the conviction of conviction can not meet the standard of prosecution or can not meet the standard of conviction. The crime claim can neither be proved nor falsified. To study the doubtful rules of doubt is actually the reverse description of the rules of conviction. The doubtful standard of doubt must be balanced against a contradiction: for collective security, the standard of suspicion should be raised; for the sake of personal peace, the standard of suspicion should be lowered. Rules are the result of the accumulation of judicial experience, and doubtful standards should be based on the induction of historical rationality.