前言本文述评了有关金属结构物断裂研究的进展简况,侧重介绍有关快速脆断问题的现代实践和理论成就。所谓“快速断裂”(通常简称为“脆断”)是现代结构常见的一种破坏形式,起源于体内的某一缺陷(材料的或构件的缺陷)。在应力、温度、时间、环境等因素的综合影响下,缺陷从量变到质变,突然变得不稳定,裂纹快速地向完整地区扩展,最后导致结构物的完全破坏。根据各国工程事故的历史报导,结构物的这种破坏,几乎总是在低于容许值的应力下意外地发生的,所以习惯上把它们称为“低应力脆 Preface This paper reviews the progress made in the study of the fracture of metal structures, focusing on the modern practices and theoretical achievements in the problem of rapid brittle fracture. The so-called “rapid fracture” (often referred to as “brittle fracture”) is a common form of destruction in modern structures, originating in the body of a defect (material or component defects). Under the combined influence of stress, temperature, time and environment, the defects change from quantitative to qualitative change, suddenly become unstable, and the crack expands rapidly to the complete area rapidly, which leads to the complete destruction of the structure. According to historical reports of engineering accidents in various countries, such destruction of structures almost always occurs unexpectedly below the allowable value, so they are conventionally referred to as "low stress crispness