本文通过提示明清社会的秩序建构与现代生活中拥挤列车里的“秩序形成”方式的相似性,阐明当时社会认识的特征:拥挤列车模式的社会理解,是一种通过将个别主体的利益主张看成“私欲”加以制约来建构全体秩序的图景世界;这样的建构逻辑,必然要求芸芸众生的互助互让,同时企求某种超越个私当事者相互竞争的、似乎能在通观整体状况之中追求诸当事者共存的“公”主体。亦即,这样的逻辑,从当权角色方看,并非在面临横溢着无数个别主体的私权利主张的状况下,通过对这些主张的根据进行系统的整理和强力推行来构筑权力基础;而是相反,毋宁采用公与私、全体与个体这样的言说修辞法,通过剥夺个别主体自我主张的绝对根据来逐渐确立作为代表全体利益之公权力的权力基础。 This paper clarifies the characteristics of social cognition at that time by suggesting the similarities between the orderly formation of the orderly society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the “order formation ” in the crowded train in modern life: the social understanding of the crowded train model is a way of understanding the “ The proposition of interest is regarded as ”lust “ to be constrained to construct the world of the whole order; such a logic of construction will inevitably require the mutual assistance and interdependence of all living beings, and at the same time seek some kind of competition among the transcendent parties as if they were able to see the overall situation In the pursuit of co-existence of all parties ”public " subject. That is to say, such a logic, from the viewpoint of the power and authority, does not construct the basis of power by systematically arranging and vigorously promoting the basis of these propositions without confronting the claims of innumerable individual rights. On the contrary, Preferring to use the rhetoric of rhetoric such as public and private, the whole and the individual to gradually establish the power base as the public power representing the interests of all by depriving the absolute basis of the individual’s self-assertion.