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地处山东西南的济宁,因其在以作为帝国生命线的大运河为动脉的南北交流中的居中位置,一直是中国晚期帝制时代最重要的工商都市和区域中心。在19世纪下半叶,随着漕运的败落、清朝中央集权的式微和东部沿海以西方因素为导引的工商业的崛起和扩张,济宁同整个北方内陆运河地区一起急剧衰退,并在山东乃至全国经济的层级体系中迅速向边缘位置滑落。然而与临清和其他内陆运河城市的命运不同,济宁作为一个城市个体并没有完全没落。清末济宁通过现代转型以阻止边缘化的特殊经历以及当地精英的活动,充分展现了当地人士在兴建新式交通运输系统、调整地方经济取向和城市功能的努力。济宁变革的成功和挫折的经验,是中国城市现代化的一种典型写照。
Jining, located in southwestern Shandong Province, has been the most important industrial and commercial city and regional center in China’s late imperial era because of its central location in the north-south exchange of arteries on the Grand Canal, the imperial lifeline. In the second half of the 19th century, with the decline of water transport, the decline of centralized power in the Qing Dynasty, and the rise and expansion of business and industry led by western factors in the eastern coast, Jining together with the entire northern inland canals declined dramatically. The system of national economy rapidly slipped to the edge. However, unlike the fate of Linqing and other inland canal cities, Jining has not completely declined as an individual city. In the late Qing Dynasty, Jining, through its modern transformation in a bid to halt the special experience of marginalization and the activities of local elites, fully demonstrated the local people’s efforts in building a new transportation system and adjusting local economic orientation and urban functions. The success and frustration experience of Jining’s transformation is a typical portrayal of China’s urban modernization.